Aforementioned in Thai

“Aforementioned” in Thai is ดังกล่าวdang-glàao; you'll also hear ข้างต้นkâang-dtôn (in documents).

ดังกล่าว dang-glàao

the said, the … in question (formal) adjective

dang mid
glàao low

Low: flat and lower than your normal voice, dropping a little at the end.

ข้างต้น kâang-dtôn

above (earlier in a text) adverb in documents

kâang falling
dtôn falling

Falling: start high and drop clearly, like a firm “No!”

How to use it

ดังกล่าวdang-glàao, literally "as said", points back to something already mentioned: "the said", "the … in question". It comes after the noun, like นี้níi, and news reports use it in almost every story. In documents ข้างต้นkâang-dtôn means "above": ตามข้างต้นdtaam kâang-dtôn, as above.

In conversation Thais say นั้นnán (that) or ที่ว่าtîi wâa, "the one I mentioned": ร้านที่ว่าráan tîi wâa, that shop I told you about.

Other spellings you'll see

There's no single official way to write Thai in English letters. We mark the tone of every syllable; online you'll also find:

dang klao
dangklao
kang ton

More formal words in Thai

All formal words

การ gaan Kaan (prefix)
-ing, -tion: turns a verb into a noun (the act of …)
ความ kwaam Kwaam (prefix)
-ness (turns a verb or adjective into a noun)
ผู้ pûu Phu (prefix)
person (who …): makes words for people, like -er
นัก nák Nak (prefix)
-er, -ist: someone who does it (as a job or a passion)
ซึ่ง sûeng Who, which (formal)
which, who (adds information; formal, written)
เมื่อ mûea When (formal)
when, once (formal)

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Written by the Learn Thai For Free team
Audio: AI voices, quality-checked for tones